EEG Oscillatory Correlates of Meditation Practice: Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis
Multiple authors — Neuroscience / Elsevier
Key Insight
Pooled alpha/beta/gamma effects during meditation are real, but measurement state materially changes effect sizes — 'one frequency = one mental state' is not supported.
What's Actually Supported
Pooled meditation-related increases in alpha, beta, and gamma power are consistently reported across the reviewed literature.
Caveat / Limitations
Heterogeneity remains high across practice types, outcomes, and feedback targets — frequency-band findings aren't universal biomarkers of mindfulness.
